About 37 million people in the United States suffer from migraines, and those who have ever experienced one know that they are completely different from a simple headache. While a headache can be uncomfortable, it usually doesn’t keep you from doing everyday tasks and typically goes away after taking an Aspirin or Tylenol.
A migraine, on the other hand, is considered a neurological disorder that causes pulsing or throbbing pain—usually on one side of the head. It is so debilitating that it affects the ability to live your life. It can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines attacks can last a few hours or multiple days and are typically associated with an “aura,” which are visual disturbances such as flashes of light or wavy, zigzag vision.
Migraines tend to have triggers: things or circumstances that bring on the episode. It is best to identify these triggers if you suffer from chronic migraines and avoid them as much as possible. The following are common triggers for migraines, but some may be unique to the individual.
- Hormonal changes in women due to fluctuations in estrogen
- Foods such as aged cheese, salty foods, and skipping meals altogether
- Food additives such as aspartame and MSG
- Drinks like alcohol, wine, and highly caffeinated beverages
- Increased levels of stress are known to be a trigger
- Sensory stimuli such as bright lights, sun glare, loud noises, and strong smells
- Changes in wake-sleep pattern
- Physical factors like exertion and sexual activity
- Changes in environment, weather, or barometric pressure
- Medications such as oral contraceptives and vasodilators
It is important to speak to a doctor or medical professional if you suspect your headaches are actually migraines. Seeking the advice of a neurologist who specializes in migraines may help give you a better understanding of the condition.
Related: What causes pain in the back of the head?