There has been little research done in the past about the association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes, even though it has been well established. There is currently a 10-15 year difference in life expectancy between the population’s wealthiest 1 percent and the poorest 1 percent. This study is one of the first of its kind to investigate the toll that wealth can have on cardiovascular event risk.
Researchers examined a cohort of more than 5,500 adults without cardiovascular disease and found that middle-aged participants who had increased wealth had lower cardiovascular health risk after the age of 65 compared with peers of similar age. It was also found that participants who experienced a decline in wealth in later in life had higher cardiovascular risk. These cardiovascular risks include acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and stroke, or cardiac-related death.
A Legacy Protection
Researchers were able to determine that participants who started in the top 20 percent of wealth and experienced a decline in wealth still had similar cardiovascular risk as those who remained fixed in the top wealthiest.
However, those who started in the bottom fifth of wealth accumulation and experienced increased wealth had lower cardiovascular risk than those fixed in the bottom quintile. The researchers believe that this may indicate a potential legacy protection among the wealthiest but not the poorest.
“We found that irrespective of one’s baseline wealth, upward wealth mobility relative to peers in late-middle age was associated with lower risk of a new cardiac event or death after age 65. This suggests that upward wealth mobility may offset some of the risk associated with past economic hardship,” Sumarsono, a faculty member involved in the study says. “We also found the inverse was true – that people who experienced downward wealth mobility relative to one’s peers faced a higher risk of a new cardiac event or death after 65, potentially offsetting some of the benefit associated with prior economic thriving.”
In the U.S. we live in a system where people often experience catastrophic losses in wealth, which may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Health care professionals should consider this a public health measure to help improve overall health while also narrowing racial, socioeconomic, and cardiovascular health disparities.