The research published in Experimental Physiology suggests that the wake/sleep cycle may cause metabolic differences and alter the body’s preference for energy sources. These metabolic differences affect how well the body can use insulin to promote glucose uptake by the cells for storage and energy use.
For the study, researchers from Rutgers University split participants into two groups based on their “chronotype”—the natural propensity to seek activity and sleep at different times. Advanced imaging was used to assess body mass and composition, breath samples, and insulin sensitivity to measure fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
It was found that people who are more active in the morning tend to rely more on fat as an energy source and are more active during the day. They also tend to have higher aerobic fitness levels than people who prefer to be more active later in the day and at night. It was also noted that night owls use less fat for energy at rest and during exercise.
Researchers believe these findings suggest that ‘night owls’ may have a reduced
ability to use fat for energy, meaning fats may build up in the body and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Senior author Professor Steven Malin said, “The differences in fat metabolism between ‘early birds’ and ‘night owls’ shows that our body’s circadian rhythm (wake/sleep cycle) could affect how our bodies use insulin. A sensitive or impaired ability to respond to the insulin hormone has major implications for our health. This observation advances our understanding of how our body’s circadian rhythms impact our health. Because chronotype appears to impact our metabolism and hormone action, we suggest that chronotype could be used as a factor to predict an individual’s disease risk.”
This research helps show the relationship between the body’s circadian rhythm and risk of disease, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease. This adds to mounting evidence that suggests how vital it is for optimal sleep and restfulness.
Sleep, Blood Sugar, and Cardiovascular Health
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